Thursday, 2 July 2015

アメリカにとっての脅威とされるロシアと中国　-　アメリカ国防省が新戦略を公表

Cf. The National Military Strategy of the United States of America 2015


そして，下の映像が解説しているように，国際法を守るためなら軍事力行使容認．つまり，国際法(または国際秩序)を犯す国あるいは集団には武力で対抗，あるいはそれを制裁するという方針のようです．
確かに，冒頭(1ページ)に以下の記述があります．
This 2015 National Military Strategy addresses the need to counter revisionist states that are challenging international norms as well as violent extremist organizations (VEOs) that are undermining transregional security. We are working with allies and partners to deter, deny, and – when necessary – defeat potential state adversaries. Concurrently, we are leading multiple coalition efforts to disrupt, degrade, and defeat VEOs. Central to these efforts is strengthening our global network of allies and partners. This integrated strategy requires us to conduct synchronized operations around the globe, implement institutional reforms at home, and sustain the capabilities, capacity, and readiness required to prevail in conflicts that may differ significantly in scope, scale, and duration.
以下，当該リポートの2ページより引用．ロシアが最初に言及されています．
While Russia has contributed in select security areas, such as counternarcotics and counterterrorism, it also has repeatedly demonstrated that it does not respect the sovereignty of its neighbors and it is willing to use force to achieve its goals. Russia’s military actions are undermining regional security directly and through proxy forces. These actions violate numerous agreements that Russia has signed in which it committed to act in accordance with international norms, including the UN Charter, Helsinki Accords, Russia-NATO Founding Act, Budapest Memorandum, and the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.

Iran also poses strategic challenges to the international community. It is pursuing nuclear and missile delivery technologies despite repeated United Nations Security Council resolutions demanding that it cease such efforts. It is a state-sponsor of terrorism that has undermined stability in many nations, including Israel, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen. Iran’s actions have destabilized the region and brought misery to countless people while denying the Iranian people the prospect of a prosperous future.

North Korea’s pursuit of nuclear weapons and ballistic missile technologies also contradicts repeated demands by the international community to cease such efforts. These capabilities directly threaten its neighbors, especially the Republic of Korea and Japan. In time, they will threaten the U.S. homeland as well. North Korea also has conducted cyber attacks, including causing major damage to a U.S. corporation.

We support China’s rise and encourage it to become a partner for greater international security. However, China’s actions are adding tension to the Asia-Pacific region. For example, its claims to nearly the entire South China Sea are inconsistent with international law. The international community continues to call on China to settle such issues cooperatively and without coercion. China has responded with aggressive land reclamation efforts that will allow it to position military forces astride vital international sea lanes.

None of these nations are believed to be seeking direct military conflict with the United States or our allies. Nonetheless, they each pose serious security concerns which the international community is working to collectively address by way of common policies, shared messages, and coordinated action.

[...]

Concurrent with state challenges, violent extremist organizations (VEOs) —led by al Qaida and the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) —are working to undermine transregional security, especially in the Middle East and North Africa. Such groups are dedicated to radicalizing populations, spreading violence, and leveraging terror to impose their visions of societal organization. They are strongest where governments are weakest, exploiting people trapped in fragile or failed states. In many locations, VEOs coexist with transnational criminal organizations, where they conduct illicit trade and spread corruption, further undermining security and stability.
集団的自衛権を行使する事態，すなわち日本の存続が危機に瀕する事態というのは，どういう事態でしょうか．アメリカにしてみれば，自国の安全を脅かすものの中には国際秩序の崩壊が含まれます．国際秩序が崩壊しかねないという大義のもとにアメリカは戦争ができる国です．どこかで，国際秩序を脅かす事態が発生した．ということはアメリカが危うい，ということは，集団的自衛権を行使する日本はアメリカが起こした戦争に参戦せざるを得ないことになります．つまり，アメリカの論理に従えば，どこかで紛争が起こり，それをアメリカが国際秩序の崩壊につながりかねない事態と判断して軍事介入に踏み切った場合，日本は，アメリカという同盟国の存続が危ぶまれる事態に該当するわけですから，自動的に参戦の義務を負うことになります．ようするに，アメリカという国(少なくとも新戦略を書いた人達)は，自分たちが事実上の世界の支配者と無邪気に信じ込んでいる．そのため，彼らとの集団的自衛権，つまり自動参戦の義務を課す軍事同盟の締結する場合は，こちらの事情がどうであろうと，実質的に世界中の紛争に多かれ少なかれ巻き込まれることを覚悟しなければなりません．その際，軍人(自衛隊員)，民間人ともに犠牲者が出る可能性が十分にあるということも．
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